In February, before I finally made time to see my primary care provider, I was working very intensely, being totally overwhelmed. I'd been in this state of overwhelm since late 2021 when we were out of the height of the pandemic and our temporary grace and acknowledgment that things are tough and that we are all overworked went away. So we went to business as usual, never mind we were all traumatized (I don't use this word lightly) by the pandemic. Outputs must be outputted, after all.

I was trying to make all the outputs for an external grant in time (this didn't work), trying to catch up on a million things. And every day new requests came in.

These include (but aren't limited to) the following. You may skip the following paragraph, there's nothing extraordinary there, it's just the cumulative weight: 

Tenure file reviews, refereeing requests outside of Res Philosophica and other things I'm in the board of or editing, speaking and writing invites, endorsement requests, requests to evaluate full manuscript proposals or book proposals, to sit on external committees for PhDs and MAs, to help advocate or create visibility for some worthwhile goal (e.g., tthe wonderful first-gen philosophers website), to comment on someone else's paper or book, and podcasts and things of that nature. Then there were things I've already committed to, Res Phil editorship and Ergo associate editorship, SEP reviewing of articles in philosophy of religion, various projects of editing stuff etc with others. I had taken on chairing the C-APA next year, feeling obliged because I advocated for low-CO2 virtual conferencing. But it was too much. There were also various committees for the department and the college I was in. I was still mentoring grad students and doing work as placement director. 

Though I had teaching relief for the grant that spring semester, all this extra service work made it feel like a terrible squeeze. 

I turn down the vast majority of external requests, but it's hard to say no to practically everything. For most things, I say no, I suggest other people. But then you think: Oh, I've already read this book, so I can easily write a 3000-word commentary on it. The allure of "this will be easy, I'll say yes to it" is so big. But do it, and you end up spending much more time than anticipated. It's like the great summer illusion, as Eric Schwitzgebel calls it, but then for little tasks that all add up and become a huge swamp you're constantly sinking in.

So, in the end, I was getting to this state I've seen other senior folk fall into. They say yes to too many things, and then they drop the ball and they keep on disappointing people. It's very sad, but understandable that this happens.

Part of the problem is the huge inequality in our profession. If you say no to nine requests, and yes to one, it is still too much if you get dozens of requests weekly. Our perpetual overwork is a labor issue. Fewer and fewer faculty members are holding up the tremendous edifice of service work that keeps academia up. Adjuncts, VAPs etc. cannot do some of the lifting (e.g., tenure files) and understandably can't or won't take on much or any of the other lifting (e.g., refereeing). They can't sit in our committees. We wonder why we're so overworked, but if your department shrinks from e.g., ten full time tenure-line professors to five, while expected to do the same service load, plus the service to the profession, is it a wonder we cannot get it all done? 

It was beginning to affect my psychological wellbeing. I have always tried to make time for hobbies and for family and still did that, but I felt a perpetual state of exhaustion. Indeed, I at first didn't go to my PCP because I thought, well, exhaustion is just what I should expect at this point in my career. Eventually, I could not sleep anymore. It took me more than an hour to fall asleep every night. I woke up in the middle of it, and I felt uneasy throughout the day. I have no way to say how much of it was due to stress or cancer.

Then, my personal world came crashing down with a cancer diagnosis early March. After initial scans it looked it might be terminal, I had difficulties processing this information. But it wasn't sure, because PET scans are ambiguous. So for some weeks I had to wait in total agony for biopsy results to see what my future looked like and whether we could measure it in months or years (turns out it's advanced, but treatable). In this great psychological distress, compounded by the increasing pain caused by the tumor, I had to drop everything, including even house work. In spite of that, the world kept on turning. Things did not go crashing down. People took things over.  It was tremendously liberating to think: okay, if I am not there to do it, it's not a disaster. Things will continue. 

Everyone regardless of tenure in academia is overworked. But if academia (refereeing crisis etc) requires the over-and-above efforts of a few people lucky enough to make it, maybe it should fall apart, at least as it stands now. It can't be right that most PhDs are eaten up and spat out by academia, never being able to get a tenure track job, then the few PhDs who get the best jobs are eaten up and spat out by overwork only they can do (e.g., tenure reviews require you are a full prof, I think. I did four tenure reviews in 2023, which requires reading and evaluating someone's output for the past six years).

Two of my colleagues died last year, on the job. I know of one who was looking forward to retirement (his sudden death meant he never could take it up), going hiking in the Rocky Mountains. Already then, I was thinking, do I want to die for my job? (Scary as it turns out, I hope not prophetic). My father used to be a bricklayer, doing hard manual labor all his working life, and having serious health issues as a result. He would frequently come home with bruises or other occupational wounds, his back was prematurely aged, etc. So, growing up in that context, I was thinking: okay, academia is a plush job. If you can get tenure, an even more plush job. I didn't realize just how insidious it is.

The motivations for why I say yes too often are complex. Part of it is academic survivor guilt (I feel I need to do my part for the profession, pay it forward etc). Part of it is being pleased at being recognized–the sort of external honors I thought I was largely immune to, but who really is? Academia thrives on that external recognition. Now, I'm thinking, how do I want to spend the rest of my life (however long it will be)? I decided: I don't want to go on in this perpetual state of exhaustion. Maybe I should leave academia, but what to do?  Potential plan: write a book that makes enough money, buy a flock of goats, and make cheese in France, retiring to a cute walkable village/city in the French countryside. Potential problem: I don't know anything about goats or cheesemaking.

If I (realistically) stay in academia, how do I make sure (assuming all goes well, I recover) that I don't fall into this horrible trap of doing too much? It's not just me saying yes too much or not enough. It is a collective labor issue. Our individual decisions matter, but they should be seen against a formidable backdrop of the institutions of academia slowly crumbling, death by a million little cuts: retirements that don't get replaced, the extra pressure of AI-generated student work, etc etc. 

Our sector is in deep trouble (see also this brilliant piece by my former colleague, Glen O'Hara). We expect people to just keep on stoically overworking as our numbers are shrinking and workloads are exploding.

Time for a change, which will have to happen collectively. 

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11 responses to “Collective academic overwork and survivor guilt are a labor issue”

  1. Chris

    Thanks for this eloquent statement of the problem of overwork in academia. I hope you find a way to say “no” more often and find some balance in your life.

  2. I’m in a 5 month gap between academic jobs and I’m struck by the fact that even though I’m not getting paid, I’m still working as hard as I can. And if you think about it, it will be obvious to you what I’m doing: writing my own stuff, tons of tenure reviews, reviewing books for presses, planning travel, refereeing journal articles, being an external examiner, mentoring students, giving talks, replying (trying to reply!) to emails…

  3. Helen De Cruz

    Yes, I know other people temporarily unemployed or who are severely underemployed, e.g., as hourly lecturers doing amazing stuff like editing volumes and refereeing etc. One thing I’ve noticed–I resist the nonsense talk of “cancer is a gift”. It’s terrible. I wish it on no-one. That being said, even from the most awful circumstances in your life you learn something, and what I learned when I took leave was…how my brain needed to reset. The first days of leave when I forced myself to not doing anything felt so bizarre, like I felt there were things I had to do. Immense to-do lists. What’s on the list? What am I all dropping the ball on?
    After maybe 4 days my brain began to slowly reset/feel at rest. Certain feelings and experiences that were gone came back, as if things suddenly flattened became deep again. It’s all so confounded with the psychological and physiological stress, but I do think we occasionally need such a reset (without the stress of illness) or we lose ourselves. I didn’t think I was losing myself because especially in research and teaching, you express yourself. But because it is in a certain mode, the mode of you as a professional, there is a real risk that your experience and phenomenology gets flattened. I wonder if, being in between jobs, you experienced any of that sort?

  4. Lu

    Like Gillian, I had a half-year gap between jobs, and found almost no time for myself, including doing new research by myself–even though I literally chose what I did since I was under no contract! How striking indeed.

  5. Derek Bowman

    Thank you for sharing this, Helen. I hope that you are able to find those colleagues and friends who can join with you in support and solidarity to find collective remedies for this collective problem. I also hope that stories like yours will inspire greater solidarity across academic ranks and positions. Philosophers should be able to do better for ourselves and one another than competing for position and status within the broken academic position.
    “If I (realistically) stay in academia, how do I make sure (assuming all goes well, I recover) that I don’t fall into this horrible trap of doing too much?”
    I don’t know what a collective answer to this question looks like, but the personal answer, for me, was an intentional decision to stop volunteering my time to the employers and institutions who were exploiting my passion and commitment. I did the job I was paid to do, and when I was paid more (going from part-time adjunct to full-time VAP), I did more. But I found worthier and ultimately more balanced and fulfilling outlets to donate my additional time and energy to.
    For me, that was part of the process of realizing there were limits to what I was willing to do to secure and hold on to an academic appointment.

  6. Marcus Arvan

    Thank you for sharing this, Helen. It resonates with me in more ways than I can express.

  7. Matt Tedesco

    Yes, our sector is in deep trouble, and a part of the problem is who is in the sector. With probably only very rare exceptions, you do not get to be an academic without being an overachiever in the extreme. That muscle memory for overachievement is hard-wired into so many of us, and when you combine a disposition to overachieve with a sector that is a bottomless well of opportunities to overachieve, you end up with the conditions for a perfect storm of misery.
    I hesitate to give advice here. I have a work-life balance now that I am very happy with, but that only came after a whole lot of struggling and reflection, and some very deliberate choices to shove certain things aside. But I do think that, if we are ever lucky enough to reach a point where our careers might allow it (I am one of these lucky ones), unlearning our proclivities to overachievement is a key part of navigating through this perfect storm.

  8. Tenured now

    I absolutely agree with Matt – I have also been trying very hard since tenure to unlearn those behaviors. It’s hard to unlearn, and also hard to avoid feeling guilty about it!

  9. ajkreider

    Though the position is less prestigious (and less well-compensated) than at an R1, I suppose it’s somewhat of a gift to be a CC prof in this environment. The time commitments are teaching, which I love, and not service work, which I don’t.
    Even though the load is a 5-5-2, there are no dissertation supervisions and few letters to write (maybe 20 a year). Referee requests are few and far between – so much so that I look forward to getting them (I turned the last one around over a weekend). There is little pressure to publish, and what I do is purely out of interest.
    Sure, there is committee work, but only a handful of these involve real work – the others simply involve the drudgery of Zoom participation. I’ve been the external member at a dissertation defense exactly once.
    Club supervision can be a drain, but I feel no pressure to continue past more than a couple of years – others should have the opportunity as well.
    There was a point at which I was somewhat disappointed at the arc of my professional career – I will never have the burden of deciding whether to accept a keynote – but I think now that I really do have it pretty good. Certainly, I wouldn’t classify myself as being over-worked. There are at least benefits it seems to being the white dwarf, over the red giant.

  10. kantian

    I’m in the UK system, and feel this greatly. But I also think that we should be somewhat Kantians in this – if we want people to referee our manuscripts, we should do the same; if we want them to review our tenure files, then ditto; etc. So yes, I also say ‘yes’ to way too many things, including all kinds of boards and committees (that seem to proliferate around here). But I just don’t see how we can justify saying ‘no’, if we expect the system to keep on going.

  11. sahpa

    @kantian: what is the Kantian way of dealing with a broken system?

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